She is remembered as one of the first actresses to wear trousers to a film premiere. By the 1930s, Marlene Dietrich fascinated many with her strong desire to wear trousers and adopt the androgynous style. Coco Chanel donned an androgynous look of a short hairstyle, striped shirt, pants, and an androgynous figure in 1928. It began to blur the lines of what a woman was permitted to look like, as they often wore "boyish" haircuts and had androgynous figures despite their flashy dresses. In the 1920s, the "flapper" era was introduced. Women activists during this time wore trousers as a statement against the patriarchal rule. In the 1800s, female spies came into existence and Vivandières began to wear dressers over trousers to allow them mobility. Women were prohibited from wearing trousers, while men were simply not given the option to dress in a feminine manner. Throughout the twentieth century, gender often dictated what a person was permitted to wear. In the 1620s, androgynous meant "womanish" when referring to a man by the 1650s, it was interpreted as "having two sexes, being both male and female." In 1833, the noun androgyny was defined as a "state of being androgynous, union of sexes in one individual." Community History
#Gender intensity full
Leverage new data and technologies-such as mobility data-to explore topics, previously understudied, including gendered evacuation patterns and behaviors.įor more information, access full report here.The word androgynous is derived from the Latin word androgynus and from the Greek word androgynos, the latter combining the root words andros for "man" and gynē for "woman".Promote sex and age disaggregated data collection in post-disaster assessments and other disaster related data collection.Make resources and guidance available to facilitate gender gap assessments in disaster risk management at the country and project level.Understand what does and does not work for different population groups by investing more in rigorous impact evaluations and assessments for designing projects.The report identifies crucial policy actions that can be taken before, during and after a disaster to mitigate gender-differentiated impacts of disasters.įinally, the report lays out key analytical and operational priorities to enhance this agenda, including: Disaster recoveries are opportunities to build back in a way that breaks down the constraints faced by women., as well as positive spillover effects on women’s position in the community.Women in particular face barriers to access information and resources needed to adequately prepare, respond and cope to a disaster ─ including access to early warning and safe shelter, as well as to bank accounts to protect savings from disasters and stable income.Men account for 70% of flood-related deaths in Europe and the United States primarily due to overrepresentation of men in rescue professions. Although women are in a disadvantage position in society at large, this does not always translate into worse disaster outcomes for women and girls.The report goes a step further than previous studies looking at gender and disasters by covering the role of gender in resilience ─ including disaster preparedness and coping capacity. īased on the framework, the report looks at the role of gender in disaster impacts more broadly ─ from health and education to employment and assets to gender-based violence and child marriage. That is why disaster risk management policies and interventions should operate in the overlay area, using the tools available for mitigating disaster impacts and strengthening resilience to close the gender gap in outcomes.Gender-differentiated impacts of disasters can exacerbate gender inequality, which in turn can worsen resilience to future disasters. This is where gender differentiated impacts happen.
In the overlay (maroon area) between gender inequality and disaster impacts are the factors that drive disaster impacts and are influenced by gender dynamics.Gender inequality (purple circle) arises from the expected roles of men and women in a society, which influence socioeconomic status, level of agency, and the way men and women prepare for, react to, are impacted by, and recover from, disasters.Disaster impacts (orange circle) depend on hazard type and intensity, exposure (who and what is at risk of being affected), levels of vulnerability (susceptibility to damage), preparedness and coping capacity.(A conceptual framework for considering gender dynamics and disaster impacts adapted from World Bank 2012 and Hallegatte et al.
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